Hysterectomy

Procedure, Preparation and Recovery

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What is hysterectomy?

Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus. A hysterectomy is done due to various reasons that vary from one patient to the other.

During the operation, your surgeon can decide to remove the uterus partially or completely. In certain cases, hysterectomy also involves removal of ovaries and cervix. Therefore, you should get clarity from your healthcare provider about what is exactly being removed. Different types of hysterectomy procedures are:

Total hysterectomy: During this operation, the surgeon removes the complete uterus and cervix.
Supracervical or subtotal hysterectomy: In subtotal hysterectomy, only the upper portion of the uterus is removed while keeping the cervix intact.
Radical hysterectomy: This procedure is mostly conducted when the patient suffers from cancer in the reproductive organs. The surgeon removes the complete uterus along with its side tissues, upper part of the vagina and cervix too.

What are the different types of hysterectomy?

The surgical techniques used for hysterectomy are decided based on the health of the patient and reason for surgery.

Two broad categories are:

Open surgery: This is a widely used approach to hysterectomy and is also known as abdominal hysterectomy. During an open surgery, the surgeon makes an incision across the abdomen and removes the uterus. You need to stay in the hospital for at least 2-3 days after the surgery.
Minimally invasive surgery (MIP): This is further divided into different categories:

Laparoscopic hysterectomy: A laparoscope with a camera attached to it is utilized to remove the uterus. It is inserted through an incision and this helps the surgeon to get a clear view of the reproductive organs on a video screen. Multiple incisions can also be made if different surgical tools also need to be inserted.
Vaginal hysterectomy: During this type of hysterectomy, an incision is made in the vagina to remove the uterus.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy: Although this process is the same as laparoscopic hysterectomy, the only difference is that robotic technology is used so as to enable the surgeon view the hysterectomy in 3D on the screen.
Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy: Laparoscopic tools are used in the abdomen to aid in the removal of uterus through a cut in the vagina.

What are the risks of hysterectomy?

Although hysterectomy does not pose any health risks or complications, it is still considered a major surgery that can cause some unpleasant symptoms. Some of these include:

How long is the recovery process after hysterectomy?

Some days of stay at the hospital is required after hysterectomy and it depends on what your specialist doctor thinks.
Complete recovery from the procedure can take at least two months.
Talk to your doctor about all the restrictions and take complete bed rest once you are home after the surgery.
Although walking is advised, no heavy lifting should be done till you get a go-ahead from your surgeon.
For minimally invasive procedures, the recovery is quick and can happen in as little as two weeks.

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What to expect after hysterectomy?

– Your doctor will advise you not to lift any heavy objects for at least six weeks after the surgery.
– If your hysterectomy involved removal of ovaries along with the uterus, you will enter the menopause stage.
– But if the ovaries are intact, you can reach the menopause stage much earlier than expected.
– You will also be advised to not have sexual intercourse for a few weeks after the surgery.